# Introducing `?`

Sometimes we just want the simplicity of `unwrap` without the possibility of
a `panic`. Until now, `unwrap` has forced us to nest deeper and deeper when
what we really wanted was to get the variable *out*. This is exactly the purpose of `?`.

Upon finding an `Err`, there are two valid actions to take:

1. `panic!` which we already decided to try to avoid if possible
2. `return` because an `Err` means it cannot be handled

`?` is *almost*[^†] exactly equivalent to an `unwrap` which `return`s
instead of `panic`king on `Err`s. Let's see how we can simplify the earlier
example that used combinators:

```rust,editable
use std::num::ParseIntError;

fn multiply(first_number_str: &str, second_number_str: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
    let first_number = first_number_str.parse::<i32>()?;
    let second_number = second_number_str.parse::<i32>()?;

    Ok(first_number * second_number)
}

fn print(result: Result<i32, ParseIntError>) {
    match result {
        Ok(n)  => println!("n is {}", n),
        Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e),
    }
}

fn main() {
    print(multiply("10", "2"));
    print(multiply("t", "2"));
}
```

## The `try!` macro

Before there was `?`, the same functionality was achieved with the `try!` macro.
The `?` operator is now recommended, but you may still find `try!` when looking
at older code. The same `multiply` function from the previous example
would look like this using `try!`:

```rust,editable,edition2015
// To compile and run this example without errors, while using Cargo, change the value 
// of the `edition` field, in the `[package]` section of the `Cargo.toml` file, to "2015".

use std::num::ParseIntError;

fn multiply(first_number_str: &str, second_number_str: &str) -> Result<i32, ParseIntError> {
    let first_number = try!(first_number_str.parse::<i32>());
    let second_number = try!(second_number_str.parse::<i32>());

    Ok(first_number * second_number)
}

fn print(result: Result<i32, ParseIntError>) {
    match result {
        Ok(n)  => println!("n is {}", n),
        Err(e) => println!("Error: {}", e),
    }
}

fn main() {
    print(multiply("10", "2"));
    print(multiply("t", "2"));
}
```


[^†]: See [re-enter ?][re_enter_?] for more details.

[re_enter_?]: ../multiple_error_types/reenter_question_mark.md
